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Foundations of Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques

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 Minimally invasive surgical techniques have transformed modern medicine by offering effective treatment options with reduced physical impact on the body. These approaches focus on achieving the same clinical outcomes as traditional open surgery while minimizing tissue disruption, blood loss, and recovery time. Understanding the foundations of these techniques helps patients and healthcare professionals appreciate why they are now widely adopted across many surgical specialties. At the core of minimally invasive surgery is the use of small incisions rather than large openings. Surgeons rely on specialized instruments, cameras, and imaging technologies to access and treat internal structures with precision. Laparoscopy and endoscopy are two common methods that allow real-time visualization of the surgical area, enabling accurate movements while preserving surrounding tissues. This precision significantly lowers the risk of complications and post-operative discomfort. Another key f...